How the "pick your server" problem continues to be the Fediverse's biggest barrier to entry
With the recent uptick in interest for Instagram alternative Pixelfed after Meta blocked links to its competitor (which, of course, gave it more attention); there’s been a re-occurrence of the same feedback experienced by Mastodon when interested users are looking to sign up: why do I need to pick a server and which one do I choose?
Overzealous members of the Fediverse tend to dismiss these concerns as a user problem. How could they be so confused about choosing an instance? It works just like email or choosing your ISP, why do they find this part of the Fediverse so hard? People are used to being spoon fed and just need to do a little bit of reading to understand how it works etc.
All of these arguments are (and I’m outlining this on purpose) ignorant and elitist.
However, the points raised are also flawed in a few key ways that they either don’t address or realise.
Why it is not like email
With email being the common analogy used, let’s dive into that a little.
Back when the general public started getting online and getting email accounts, the analogy to real life was pretty seamless. Your email address was a digital equivalent to your postal address; an identifier to allow people to send you email, in the same way that a postal address is an identifier allowing people to send you physical mail.
At a high level, I can see how the argument that Fediverse services work in the same way appeals as an analogy. You sign up for a Fediverse address and people across the Fediverse can (ignoring the moderation policies of instances that may block your particular server) connect and converse with you.
However, there are two gaps in this analogy that fundamentally impacts the experience for users getting into the Fediverse.
1. The on-boarding experience problem
Take the experience of getting an email account vs getting onto the Fediverse; in this case using Gmail and Pixelfed as examples.
Gmail
- User wants an email address, finds out about Gmail and downloads the app
- User opens Gmail, goes through the process to set a username and password
- User starts using email
Pixelfed
- User wants an Instagram alternative, finds out about Pixelfed and downloads the app
- User opens Pixelfed, goes to setup an account but is immediately prompted with a list of servers/instances to choose from
- User is unclear why or what the purpose of each is, they just wanted to setup a username and password and start using Pixelfed
- User may select a server at random (or just the first one on the list) and register, or they might close and delete the app
In short, a user isn’t going to Gmail and then signing up for an Outlook email account because there is no choice. The experience matches what users are used to and experience with other centralised social platforms: download, sign up and use.
This increased friction is often dismissed by more technically minded Fediverse folk as ‘regular people not being smart enough/not caring why Federation is better’.
My fundamental belief is that the end user does not have to care about the technical, privacy or other benefits (perceived or otherwise) of a service when there is friction to the experience; especially when equivalent other services already exist that don’t present this friction.
It’s the responsibility of the service to prove its value to the user if there are additional steps to use the service, not the other way around.
2. The social identity problem
The other gap to the email analogy that I feel has been missed is the deeper connection and representation of the individual with their social media user handles.
An email address has a layer of abstraction between you as an individual and what you may or may not represent. Much like your postal address, it is simply a reference on the web to send and receive mail. It’s often been the ISP you are using or an email service someone recommends, and therefore hasn’t (completely) had any connection to you as a person.
Social media handles have been slightly different in general. As most centralised services just have your username as a handle without a reference to the service at all (you don’t give your Facebook handle as @andewmelder@facebook.com as an example), along with the more personal nature of social media posts to your beliefs compared to email; means your social media handle is more aligned to you as an individual.
Fediverse handles call out the server/instance specifically. As many servers on the Fediverse represent specific interests, the choice of which becomes part of your social identity; and therefore creates uncertainty and confusion around how to represent yourself.
Taking myself as an example. I have an interest in technology, so maybe naturally I would be interested in signing up on a technology themed instance. However, that only represents a small part of me as a person; and maybe I don’t want my online identity to be pigeonholed into one stereotype. Same applies for photography or other interest someone may have.
Ok fine, so what about one of the generic instances. Cool, but how does someone who is just wanting to get on the Fediverse choose which generic instance to sign up on?
This goes beyond social identity and back to the first gap of increased friction.
If I can take a quote from The Matrix: The problem is choice.
What’s the solution?
I don’t have one.
I apologise if you read this far expecting an answer to this question, but if it were easy enough for a random blogger to point out someone would have implemented it already. We haven’t even addressed other issues such as differing moderation standards between servers fundamentally impacting who you can connect with; or issues with servers shutting down and users being forced to move instances, a process which is not user friendly at all.
However, I do have two thoughts that may help ease the transition for new users trying to get involved in Fediverse services.
1. The user blame culture on the Fediverse needs to go away
This is the more difficult suggestion because it is not a technical solution but requires a culture change. However it has been proven time and time again that the Fediverse is not welcoming to those who question its barriers or just ask questions trying to understand how it all works.
If I can be brutally honest; those unwilling to have an understanding for user issues and adopt a position to help and assist, instead of condemn and demean, need to either stay quiet or fuck off.
2. Official apps need to automatically select a default server during on-boarding, with the option to edit if desired
Pixelfed’s current problem is its unwillingness to default to pixelfed.social when a user first loads the app. Mastodon eventually updated their official app to default to mastodon.social, much to the dismay of the Fediverse zealots.
Unfortunately the perception of server/instance confusion was already set with the general public before they made this change; and first impressions are hard to break. I fear Pixelfed may have already missed their chance to improve the first impression too.
The other issue with defaults is that it naturally leads for centralisation of users within a few selected instances. This not only goes against what the Fediverse is meant to represent but also leads to drastically increased costs for server owners; many of whom are relying on donations and other income sources to cover the increasing costs.
Again, I don’t know what the solution is. What I do know is that the answer certainly isn’t users needing to be better informed on the nuances of the Fediverse.
I successfully moved from iPhone to Android; yet it made me more concerned about its future
Apple addressing the iOS shortcomings faster than Google has for Android, leaves the underlying question “why have I bothered switching?"
Having recently gotten a hold of a Pixel 9 Pro intending to be purely a work phone, I started contemplating switching completely from my trusty iPhone 13 Mini.
While small, carrying around two phones is a bit of a chore. And while the iPhone is more than capable of running my work apps as well; Android’s work profile implementation, and its visible firewall between personal and work data, makes me far more comfortable with Mobile Device Management being enabled on a personal device.
So I switched full time to the Pixel, and continue to do so.
However, outside of my very specific requirements, I find myself wondering why other people would even bother.
Android’s weaknesses remain while Apple closes the gaps
Over the years, Apple has slowly added and improved features of iOS. There’s a common theme among Android enthusiasts online when Apple releases new features showing how Android did it first; and lamenting the marketing and media machine placing Apple as “innovating”.
The reality is who actually did it first, or the perception of it, doesn’t matter. What does matter is Apple has been chipping away at the gaps between iOS and Android to slowly minimise and almost eliminate the reasons for switching. Customisation was a big reason in early Android compared to the limited nature of iPhone. However, while not as comprehensive as Android’s still, the customisation on iPhone is more than enough for the majority now.
Then there’s areas which Apple has pulled ahead slightly in the customisation space. Shortcuts built into the operating system is a great example of this. While technically more comprehensive customisation and automation features via apps such as Tasker are available on Android, they are not built in at the OS level. The power of the default is clear here where power users are all focused on testing the limits of what’s provided already; not looking for different apps to work around the OS limitations.
Meanwhile Android’s biggest gap remains the same: Apps and app quality.
While I do think for the biggest apps around there’s not much of an issue, you do still see it in little bugs and weirdness in app functionality. Instagram is the best example of this where aspect ratios and formatting gets weird depending on the Android phone used.
Then there’s just the apps available, particularly from smaller outfits or new startups who will prioritise iOS development over Android; both due to ease of development and the influence/reach/marketability of the iPhone user base in comparison. Go to any marketing conference, and you just struggle to find an Android phone.
I know a few over-zealous, weirdly anti-capitalist Android users who are currently wondering why they should care about all this. No doubt if the phone works for you, this post is not intended to persuade you to iPhone.
But all this is just outlining why it’s increasingly harder for iPhone users, who may want an alternative, to switch to an Android device. And we haven’t even addressed the topic of ecosystems.
The ecosystem problem: working out a new way to do what you already do
Many are calling out the ecosystem lock in problem that (mainly Apple) are utilising to ensure their users stay within their devices and services.
The most talked about example of this is iMessage; with the whole blue/green bubble debate and group messaging barriers. However, there are many more examples of this I’ve experienced since migrating across.
AirDrop is an annoyingly useful way to transfer files, both between your own devices and with other iPhone users. While there is no equivalent function/service available, I’ve been happy enough to work through it personally via an app called LocalSend; which meets my main criteria of sending photos between my Pixel and my MacBook.
As Apple’s services business gets more featured as well, a lot of that gets locked or severely limited outside of Apple devices. Technically you can login to iCloud on the web to access your reminders and Find My. However, the service is SLOW to be borderline useless. Find My is also missing the ability to track AirTags completely, so you are out of luck if you’ve previously made the investment there.
Have kids and use Screen Time to manage their iOS devices? Too bad, you need to have another Apple device to manage that unless you do so directly on your child’s device (being able to do so remotely without needing to get a hold of your child’s device is very useful).
Contrast this with Google’s service offerings. Google services work great on both Android and iOS because Google can’t afford to compromise the iPhone market to build the walls around the Android ecosystem. To the point where you can make a valid opinion that the best phone for Google services is indeed an iPhone.
A lot of the frustration someone would have moving away to Android for me has been navigated by two things: I still have a MacBook as a laptop, and my wife is still on the iPhone. However the reality is there are a lot of different ways to try and work around the functionality I had by default when I was using the iPhone.
What have I gained?
Unless there is something very specific about Android, or an Android device, that you have moved away from iPhone for; there is an underlying question of what have I gained from the effort and workarounds needed by migrating? The operating systems, and the smartphone industry in general, is in such a mature state that the advantages of each are increasingly slim.
That maturity is also a barrier in itself. Getting someone to switch is now pushing back on over a decade of experience and comfort with an operating system and how it works.
I pick up my Pixel. On its own, it’s a fantastic device which I am happy with. I don’t have any intentions of switching back at the moment as I’ve gotten over the hump of difficulty and gotten into routines of Android and how this phone works now.
However, there are still instances and circumstances I encounter where I still look over to my now unused iPhone and think to myself “I could go back”.